책 저장하기

우리는 내일 구조체와 Vec<T>에 대해 더 많은 것을 배울 것입니다. 일단 오늘은 API의 일부만 알면 됩니다:

fn main() {
    let mut vec = vec![10, 20];
    vec.push(30);
    let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;
    println!("middle value: {}", vec[midpoint]);
    for item in &vec {
        println!("item: {item}");
    }
}

아래 코드는 도서관에 있는 도서 컬랙션을 모델링 합니다. 아래 코드를 https://play.rust-lang.org/에 복사한 후, 컴파일 되도록 수정해 봅시다:

struct Library {
    books: Vec<Book>,
}

struct Book {
    title: String,
    year: u16,
}

impl Book {
    // This is a constructor, used below.
    fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {
        Book {
            title: String::from(title),
            year,
        }
    }
}

// Implement the methods below. Notice how the `self` parameter
// changes type to indicate the method's required level of ownership
// over the object:
//
// - `&self` for shared read-only access,
// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,
// - `self` for unique access by value.
impl Library {
    fn new() -> Library {
        todo!("Initialize and return a `Library` value")
    }

    fn len(&self) -> usize {
        todo!("Return the length of `self.books`")
    }

    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        todo!("Return `true` if `self.books` is empty")
    }

    fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {
        todo!("Add a new book to `self.books`")
    }

    fn print_books(&self) {
        todo!("Iterate over `self.books` and print each book's title and year")
    }

    fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {
        todo!("Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)")
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut library = Library::new();

    println!(
        "The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}",
        library.is_empty()
    );

    library.add_book(Book::new("Lord of the Rings", 1954));
    library.add_book(Book::new("Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", 1865));

    println!(
        "The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}",
        library.is_empty()
    );

    library.print_books();

    match library.oldest_book() {
        Some(book) => println!("The oldest book is {}", book.title),
        None => println!("The library is empty!"),
    }

    println!("The library has {} books", library.len());
    library.print_books();
}