๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ

๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์„ ์–ธ๋œ ํƒ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด impl๋ธ”๋ก์— ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u8,
}

impl Person {
    fn say_hello(&self) {
        println!("Hello, my name is {}", self.name);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let peter = Person {
        name: String::from("Peter"),
        age: 27,
    };
    peter.say_hello();
}

ํ‚ค ํฌ์ธํŠธ:

  • ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋‚˜ ์—ด๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ถœ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํ„ฐ)๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ self๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด receiver ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ข€๋” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ receiver์ธ self ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ self: &Self์˜ ์ค„์ธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • impl ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” Self๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋Œ€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
    • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ•„๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ ์  ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด self์— ์  ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ•„๋“œ๋“ค์„ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • say_hello ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ํ˜ธ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ &self์™€ self๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ receiver์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.