๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด

C/C++ ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ปค์Šคํ…€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u8,
}

fn main() {
    let mut peter = Person {
        name: String::from("Peter"),
        age: 27,
    };
    println!("{} is {} years old", peter.name, peter.age);
    
    peter.age = 28;
    println!("{} is {} years old", peter.name, peter.age);
    
    let jackie = Person {
        name: String::from("Jackie"),
        ..peter
    };
    println!("{} is {} years old", jackie.name, jackie.age);
}

ํ‚ค ํฌ์ธํŠธ:

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋Š” C/C++ ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • C++ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ C์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํƒ€์ž…์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€™typedefโ€™๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • C++ ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์†์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๋Š” impl๋ธ”๋ก์— ์ •์˜ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • 0 ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด(์˜ˆ: struct Foo;)๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ž‡์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•„๋“œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠœํ”Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ..peter ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋œ์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋งจ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.