๋นŒ๋ฆผ

ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ์ถœ์‹œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point(i32, i32);

fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {
    Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)
}

fn main() {
    let p1 = Point(3, 4);
    let p2 = Point(10, 20);
    let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);
    println!("{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}");
}
  • add ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‘ Point ๊ฐ์ฒด ๊ฐ’์„ _๋นŒ๋ ค_์™€์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด Point ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • p1๊ณผ p2์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜ธ์ถœ์ž(mainํ•จ์ˆ˜)์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šคํƒ์— ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฆฌํ„ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ :

  • add์—์„œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์Šคํƒ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  Playground์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋˜๋Š” Godbolt์—์„œ ์–ด์…ˆ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด โ€œDEBUGโ€ ์ผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€๋งŒ, โ€œRELEASEโ€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct Point(i32, i32);
    
    fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {
        let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);
        println!("&p.0: {:p}", &p.0);
        p
    }
    
    pub fn main() {
        let p1 = Point(3, 4);
        let p2 = Point(10, 20);
        let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);
        println!("&p3.0: {:p}", &p3.0);
        println!("{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}");
    }
  • ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜๊ฐ’ ์ตœ์ ํ™”(RVO)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • C++์—์„œ copy elision์€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ RVO๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ memcpy๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.